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1.
Braz. oral res. (Online) ; 37: e126, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1528136

ABSTRACT

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the contribution of oral and maxillofacial pathology laboratories (OMPLs) in Brazilian public universities to the diagnosis of lip, oral cavity, and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). A cross-sectional study was performed using biopsy records from a consortium of sixteen public OMPLs from all regions of Brazil (North, Northeast, Central-West, Southeast, and South). Clinical and demographic data of patients diagnosed with lip, oral cavity, and oropharyngeal SCC between 2010 and 2019 were collected from the patients' histopathological records. Of the 120,010 oral and maxillofacial biopsies (2010-2019), 6.9% (8,321 cases) were diagnosed as lip (0.8%, 951 cases), oral cavity (4.9%, 5,971 cases), and oropharyngeal (1.2%, 1,399 cases) SCCs. Most cases were from Brazil's Southeast (64.5%), where six of the OMPLs analyzed are located. The predominant profile of patients with lip and oral cavity SCC was Caucasian men, with a mean age over 60 years, low schooling level, and a previous history of heavy tobacco consumption. In the oropharyngeal group, the majority were non-Caucasian men, with a mean age under 60 years, had a low education level, and were former/current tobacco and alcohol users. According to data from the Brazilian National Cancer Institute, approximately 9.9% of the total lip, oral cavity, and oropharyngeal SCCs reported over the last decade in Brazil may have been diagnosed at the OMPLs included in the current study. Therefore, this data confirms the contribution of public OMPLs with respect to the important diagnostic support they provide to the oral healthcare services extended by the Brazilian Public Health System.

2.
Odontoestomatol ; 25(42)2023.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1529059

ABSTRACT

This report presents the clinical, microscopic and immunohistochemical aspects of a case of proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) mimicking oral lichen planus (OLP) in a 66-year-old woman. We also review the literature reporting cases of PVL mimicking OLP, where we found a higher prevalence in women who do not consume tobacco or alcohol. The initial manifestation of lichenoid areas was around the age of 59, with the diagnosis of PVL being established on average 6 years later, while malignant transformation occurred in 8 of the 22 cases at an average of 3.7 years after the final diagnosis of PVL. We emphasize the need for a close follow-up of any patient presenting white lesions of the oral mucosa. Lesions that are clinically and microscopically compatible with lichenoid reactions or OLP must be investigated and differentiated from PVL, which has a worse prognosis.


Este relato apresenta os aspectos clínicos, microscópicos e imuno-histoquímicos de um caso de leucoplasia verrucosa proliferativa (LPV) mimetizando líquen plano oral (LPO) em uma paciente do sexo feminino de 66 anos. Também revisamos a literatura relatando casos de LPV mimetizando LPO, onde encontramos maior prevalência em mulheres que não consomem tabaco ou álcool, com manifestação inicial de áreas liquenoides por volta dos 59 anos, sendo estabelecido o diagnóstico de LPV em média 6 anos depois, enquanto a transformação maligna ocorreu em 8 dos 22 casos em média 3,7 anos após o diagnóstico final de LPV. Ressaltamos a necessidade de acompanhamento rigoroso de qualquer paciente que apresente lesões brancas da mucosa oral, devendo ser investigadas lesões clinicamente e microscopicamente compatíveis com reações liquenóides ou LPO e diferenciadas da LPV, que tem pior prognóstico


Este reporte presenta los aspectos clínicos, microscópicos e inmunohistoquímicos de un caso de leucoplasia verrugosa proliferativa (LVP) simulando liquen plano oral (LPO) en una paciente de 66 años. También revisamos la literatura reportando casos de LVP simulando LPO, donde encontramos una mayor prevalencia en mujeres que no consumen tabaco ni alcohol, con una manifestación inicial de áreas liquenoides alrededor de los 59 años, estableciéndose el diagnóstico de LVP en promedio 6 años después, mientras que la transformación maligna ocurrió en 8 de los 22 casos en un promedio de 3,7 años después del diagnóstico final de LVP. Resaltamos la necesidad de un seguimiento estrecho de todo paciente que presente lesiones blanquecinas de la mucosa oral, que las lesiones clínica y microscópicamente compatibles con reacciones liquenoides o LPO deben ser investigadas y diferenciadas de la LVP, que tienen peor pronóstico.

3.
Braz. oral res. (Online) ; 37: e107, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1520516

ABSTRACT

Abstract Dermoid cysts (DCs) and epidermoid cysts (ECs) are uncommon developmental cysts affecting the oral cavity. This study aims to evaluate patients with oral DCs and ECs and their demographic and clinicopathologic features. A retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study was performed. A total of 105,077 biopsy records of oral and maxillofacial lesions from seven Brazilian oral pathology centers were analyzed. All cases diagnosed as oral DCs and ECs were reviewed, and clinical, demographic, and histopathological data were collected. The series comprised 32 DCs (31.4%) and 70 ECs (68.6%). Most of the DCs occurred on the floor of the mouth (n = 14; 45.2%) of women (n = 17; 53.1%) with a mean age of 34.6 ± 21.6 years. All DCs were lined partially or entirely by stratified squamous epithelium (100%). Chronic inflammatory cells, melanin pigmentation, multinucleated giant cell reaction, and cholesterol clefts were observed in the fibrous capsule . Most of the ECs affected the labial mucosa (n = 20; 31.7%) of men (n = 39; 56.5%) with a mean age of 48.0±19.8 years. Microscopically, most ECs (n = 68; 97.1%) were lined entirely by stratified squamous epithelium. Two cysts (2.9%) showed areas of respiratory metaplasia. Chronic inflammatory cells, melanin pigmentation, multinucleated giant cell reaction, and cholesterol clefts were also observed in the fibrous capsule. Conservative surgical excision was the treatment of choice in all cases. Oral DCs and ECs are uncommon and often clinically misdiagnosed lesions. Clinicians should consider DCs and ECs in the differential diagnosis of soft tissue lesions in the oral cavity, mainly located on the floor of the mouth and labial mucosa.

4.
Autops. Case Rep ; 12: e2021359, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1360150

ABSTRACT

Osteosarcoma of the jaw represents less than 1% of all head and neck malignancies. This malignancy in pregnant women occurs in one per 1000 deliveries. We report a case of a 29-year-old woman, in the 33rd week of gestation, who presented with an expansive tumor destroying the maxillary alveolar bone, histologically composed of pleomorphic, round, spindle, or epithelioid cells and osteoid/chondroid matrix. Upon final diagnosis of osteosarcoma, the lesion was excised. To the best of our knowledge, only 10 cases of jaw osteosarcoma in pregnant women have been reported to date in the English language literature. The use of ancillary examinations, malignancy diagnosis, and cancer treatment can be challenging during pregnancy. Knowledge about jaw osteosarcoma in pregnancy can increase healthcare providers' awareness, avoid delays and misdiagnosis and potentially improve maternal and neonatal outcomes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic/diagnosis , Maxillary Neoplasms/diagnosis , Osteosarcoma/diagnosis
5.
Autops. Case Rep ; 9(2): e2018073, Abr.-Jun. 2019. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-999529

ABSTRACT

A mandibular buccal bifurcation cyst is an inflammatory cyst that usually occurs on the buccal aspect of the permanent mandibular first molar of children. This lesion is diagnosed by an association of radiographic, clinical, and histological features. We report a bilateral case of mandibular buccal bifurcation cyst and discuss the main findings of this entity. A 7-year-old girl presented pain and delayed dental eruption in the posterior mandibular region. A cone beam computed tomography was performed and revealed hypodense lesions involving the crown and root of the mandibular first molars, with expansion of the buccal cortical and lingual tilting of the molar roots. A biopsy was carried out, and the common features of an inflammatory odontogenic cyst were histologically observed. The final diagnosis was bilateral mandibular buccal bifurcation cyst. Clinicians need to be aware of this diagnostic possibility in cases of mandibular cysts in children­especially when bilateral­to perform the correct treatment, which should not involve the extraction of the affected tooth.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Mandibular Diseases/pathology , Odontogenic Cysts/diagnostic imaging , Jaw Cysts , Odontogenic Cysts/pathology
6.
J. appl. oral sci ; 25(5): 490-497, Sept.-Oct. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-893659

ABSTRACT

Abstract Periodontal research involves the use of animal models to better understand the biological processes of periodontal diseases and the potential of new or existing therapies. Currently, ligature-induced periodontitis in rats is the main model used in periodontal research, in this model, alveolar bone loss (ABL) is the main parameter evaluated by radiographic, morphometric, and histological techniques. Interestingly, although these methodologies are widely used, it is not totally clarified neither the kinetics of ABL over the induction time nor the agreement degree (repeatability and reproducibility) of these techniques. Objective: To characterize ABL kinetics at 0, 3, 7, 15, 30, and 60 days after ABL induction by ligature and to evaluate the intra- (repeatability) and inter-examiner (reproducibility) agreement and the correlation among the radiographic, morphometric, and histological methodologies. Material and Methods: 60 male Wistar rats with induced ABL were randomly divided into 6 experimental groups (n = 10 animals/group). After 0, 3, 7, 15, 30, and 60 days, the animals were euthanized and their hemimandibles were removed for ABL determination using radiographic, morphometric and histological techniques. Results: Radiographic and morphometric/linear techniques allowed the detection of statistically significant ABL on the third day, while histological and morphometric/area techniques could only detect ABL after the seventh day (ANOVA/Tukey, p<0.05). After the fifteenth day, except for histological analysis, the ABL was stabilized. Concerning the agreement of the methodologies, Bland Altman's test (intra and inter-examiner evaluations) showed no difference among the measurements (p>0.05). In addition, high correlations (Pearson's test, r2>0.9, p<0.05) were observed. Conclusion: The results indicated that the minimum time for ABL induction could vary from 3 to 7 days, according to the chosen analysis methodology. Agreement and correlation data support the comparison of results between studies with same induction time.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Periodontitis/etiology , Periodontitis/pathology , Alveolar Bone Loss/pathology , Periodontitis/diagnostic imaging , Reference Values , Time Factors , Kinetics , Radiography, Dental , Random Allocation , Observer Variation , Reproducibility of Results , Alveolar Bone Loss/etiology , Alveolar Bone Loss/diagnostic imaging , Rats, Wistar , Disease Models, Animal , Ligation
7.
Braz. dent. j ; 28(5): 647-652, Sept.-Oct. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-888693

ABSTRACT

Abstract Tenosynovial giant cell tumor of diffuse type (TGCT-d) or pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a locally aggressive lesion that mostly affects the joints of long bones. Chondroid tenosynovial giant cell tumor (CTGCT) or PVNS with chondroid metaplasia is a rare distinct subset of synovial tumors that has a predilection for the TMJ. We report a rare case of CTGCT in the TMJ, initially misdiagnosed as temporomandibular disorder (TMD). A 51-year-old woman was referred to the surgeon with the chief complaint of TMJ pain for 5 years and a past history of an unsuccessful TMD treatment. Extraoral examination revealed discrete preauricular swelling and restricted mandibular range of motion. Panoramic radiograph and computerized tomography showed destruction of the mandibular fossa and condyle. Histologically, the tumor was composed by large mononuclear cells with prominent eosinophilic cytoplasm and grooved nuclei, small histiocytoid cells, osteoclast-like multinucleated cells, brown pigmentation and areas of chondroid metaplasia. Morphological and immunohistochemical characteristics lead to the final diagnosis of CTGCT. The rarity of CTGCT could be attributed to the lack of recognition of this lesion, with cases diagnosed as chondroblastomas, synovial chodromatosis and chondrosarcoma. The patient received immediate reconstruction and recurrence was found 22 months after initial intervention. TGCT-d and CTGCT of the TMJ can present similar symptoms to TMD, but clinicians must distinguish both lesions by complete examination, imaging and, when necessary, histopathologic evaluation.


Resumo Tumor de células gigantes tenossinovial do tipo difuso (TCGT-d) ou sinovite vilonodular pigmentada (SVP) é uma lesão localmente agressiva que afeta principalmente as articulações dos ossos longos. Tumor de células gigantes tenossinovial condroide (TCGTC) ou SVP com metaplasia condroide é um tipo distinto e raro de tumor sinovial que tem a predileção pela articulação temporomandibular (ATM). Nós relatamos um caso raro de TCGTC da ATM, inicialmente diagnosticado, equivocadamente, como disfunção temporomandibular (DTM). Uma mulher de 51 anos foi encaminhada ao cirurgião com a queixa principal de dor na ATM por 5 anos, e uma história de tratamento de DTM sem sucesso. O exame extrabucal revelou discreto aumento de volume preauricular e movimentação mandibular restrita. A radiografia panorâmica e a tomografia computadorizada evidenciaram destruição da fossa mandibular e côndilo. Histologicamente, o tumor era composto por células mononucleares grandes, com amplo citoplasma eosinofílico e núcleo sulcado, pequenas células histiocitoides, células multinucleadas semelhantes a osteoclastos, pigmentação acastanhada e áreas de metaplasia condroide. As características morfológicas e imuno-histoquímicas levaram ao diagnóstico final de TCGTC. A raridade desta lesão pode estar associada ao seu não reconhecimento, sendo casos diagnosticados como condroblastoma, condromatose sinovial ou condrossarcoma. A paciente recebeu reconstrução imediata e recorrência foi observada 22 meses após a intervenção inicial. TCGT-d e TCGTC da ATM podem apresentar sintomas similares à DTM, mas os clínicos devem diferenciar ambas as lesões por meio do exame clínico completo, exames de imagem e, quando necessário, avaliação histopatológica.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Giant Cell Tumor of Tendon Sheath/diagnosis , Temporomandibular Joint/pathology , Giant Cell Tumor of Tendon Sheath/diagnostic imaging , Giant Cell Tumor of Tendon Sheath/pathology
8.
Braz. oral res. (Online) ; 31: e53, 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-952104

ABSTRACT

Abstract Peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF) is a reactive lesion of oral tissues, associated with local factors such as trauma or presence of dental biofilm. POF treatment consists of curettage of the lesion combined with root scaling of adjacent teeth and/or removal of other sources of irritants. This study aimed to analyze the clinical and pathological features of POF and to investigate the immunoexpression of Osterix and STRO-1 proteins. Data such as age, gender, and size were obtained from 30 cases of POF. Microscopic features were assessed by conventional light microscopy using hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemical markers, and by polarized light microscopy using Picrosirius red staining. The age range was 11-70 years and 70% of the patients were female. Moreover, the size of POF varied from 0.2 to 5.0 cm; in 43.33% of the cases, the mineralized content consisted exclusively of bony trabeculae. The immunohistochemical analysis showed nuclear staining for Osterix in 63% and for STRO-1 in 20% of the cases. Mature collagen fibers were observed in mineralized tissue in 76.67% of the cases. The clinical and microscopic features observed were in agreement with those described in the literature. Osterix was overexpressed, while STRO-1 was poorly expressed. Osterix was expressed particularly in cells entrapped in and around mineralized tissue, indicating the presence of a stimulus that triggers the differentiation of these cells into osteoblasts or cementoblasts, i.e., cells that produce mineralized tissue. Based on our results, Osterix may play a role in the pathogenesis of POF.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Young Adult , Transcription Factors/physiology , Bone Neoplasms/pathology , Fibroma, Ossifying/pathology , Antigens, Surface/physiology , Osteoblasts/pathology , Transcription Factors/analysis , Immunohistochemistry , Cell Differentiation , Collagen/analysis , Sp7 Transcription Factor , Gingiva/pathology , Microscopy, Polarization , Middle Aged , Antigens, Surface/analysis
9.
Braz. dent. j ; 27(6): 781-786, Nov.-Dec. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-828061

ABSTRACT

Abstract Adenosquamous carcinoma is an aggressive variant of squamous cell carcinoma. This report describes a case of adenosquamous carcinoma with clinical features of a benign lesion and discusses the differential diagnoses, especially regarding histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses. A 45-year-old male was referred to our outpatient clinic complaining about a rapid-growing enlargement in hard palate. Clinical examination revealed an erythematous and pedunculated nodule with lobulated non-ulcerated surface. Excisional biopsy was performed following clinical diagnosis of pyogenic granuloma. Histologically, the specimen consisted of areas characterizing both well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma and true adenocarcinoma. After a broad list of immunohistochemical markers was evaluated (AE1/AE3, CEA, CK5, CK7, CK8/18, p53, p63 and Ki67), the diagnosis of adenosquamous carcinoma was rendered and the patient referred to complementary surgery. Adenosquamous carcinoma represents a challenge in diagnostic routine due to its rarity, diverse range of clinical presentations and histological features. Furthermore, classical clinical benign features may be present in malignant lesions; hence the submission of every surgical specimen to histological analysis is mandatory to provide the patient the adequate treatment.


Resumo O carcinoma adenoescamoso é uma variante agressiva do carcinoma de células escamosas. Este relato descreve um caso de carcinoma adenoescamoso que apresenta características clínicas de uma lesão benigna e discute o diagnóstico diferencial, especialmente em relação à análise histopatológica e imuno-histoquímica. Um homem de 45 anos foi encaminhado ao nosso serviço queixando-se um aumento de volume de rápido crescimento no palato duro. O exame clínico revelou um nódulo eritematoso e pedunculado com superfície lobulada não ulcerada. Foi realizada biópsia excisional seguindo a hipótese clínica de granuloma piogênico. Histologicamente o fragmento consistia em áreas de carcinoma de células escamosas bem diferenciado e áreas de adenocarcinoma verdadeiro. Após a avaliação de uma ampla lista de marcadores imuno-histoquímicos (AE1/AE3, CEA, CK5, CK7, CK8/18, p53, p63 e Ki67), o diagnóstico de carcinoma adenoescamoso foi atribuído e o paciente foi encaminhado à cirurgia complementar. O carcinoma adenoescamoso representa um desafio na rotina de diagnóstico, devido à sua raridade, diversificada gama de apresentações clínicas e características histológicas. Além disso, características clínicas benignas podem estar presentes em lesões malignas, por isto a submissão de todas as peças cirúrgicas à análise histológica é obrigatória para fornecer ao paciente o tratamento adequado.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Carcinoma, Adenosquamous/diagnosis , Granuloma, Pyogenic/diagnosis , Mouth Neoplasms/diagnosis , Carcinoma, Adenosquamous/surgery , Diagnosis, Differential , Mouth Neoplasms/surgery
10.
Braz. oral res ; 25(1): 42-48, Jan.-Feb. 2011. ilus, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-595837

ABSTRACT

Simvastatin, a drug used to lower blood cholesterol, has been reported to have an anabolic effect on bone. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of simvastatin and demineralized bovine bone matrix (DBBM) on the repair of rat calvarial defects. Defects of 5 mm were created in 64 rats, divided into four groups: no local treatment (control); treatment with DBBM (DBBM); treatment with a combination of simvastatin solution (2.2 mg/50 μl) and DBBM (DBBMSIM-1); and treatment with simvastatin solution (0.5 mg/50 μl) and DBBM (DBBMSIM-2). Animals were sacrificed on postoperative day 30 or 60, after which the calvariae were X-rayed and prepared for histomorphometric evaluation. The data were submitted to statistical analysis (p < 0.05). X-rays revealed that, on postoperative day 30, animals treated with a lower dose of simvastatin presented the lowest bone density, whereas on postoperative day 60 the use of simvastatin, regardless of the dose, resulted in lower density than that observed in control and DBBM group samples. Histomorphometric analysis revealed that, on postoperative day 30, both DBBM and DBBMSIM-1 had a negative impact on bone formation. On postoperative day 60, none of the combinations tested impaired bone repair. These results showed that the association between DBBM and simvastatin had a negative impact on bone repair.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Male , Rats , Bone Matrix/physiology , Bone Regeneration/drug effects , Simvastatin/pharmacology , Absorptiometry, Photon , Analysis of Variance , Bone Density/drug effects , Bone Regeneration/physiology , Models, Animal , Postoperative Period , Rats, Wistar , Skull/drug effects , Skull/surgery , Time Factors
11.
Rev. bras. odontol ; 65(1): 122-125, jan.-jun. 2008. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-541713

ABSTRACT

Sinvastatina é um medicamento hipolipidêmico e alguns trabalhos lhes têm associado ação anabólica óssea. Objetivou-se neste estudo, avalir seus efeitos da perda óssea causada por periodontite, que foi induzida por ligadura ao redor dos primeiros molares inferiores de 12 ratos. O grupo testado recebeu, por via oral, 30mg/kg/dia de sinvastatina e o grupo controle igual volume de água. Depois de 30 dias, os animais foram sacrificados e as mandíbulas removidas para avaliação da perda óssea alveolar em estereomicroscópio. Após análise estatística, não foi observada diferença entre os grupos. A sinvastatina não foi eficiente para a redução da perda óssea relacionada à periodontite.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Alveolar Bone Loss , Periodontitis/complications , Simvastatin/pharmacology
12.
RPG rev. pos-grad ; 14(3): 205-210, jul.-set. 2007. ilus, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-529452

ABSTRACT

Bisfosfonatos são medicamentos que inibem a reabsorção óssea e são utilizados para o tratamento da osteoporose, interferindo na ação dos osteoclastos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência do alendronato sódico durante a indução de periodontite em ratas com presença ou ausência de hormônios ovarianos. Foram utilizados 40 animais, com três meses, sendo que na metade deles foi realizada ovariectomia, e o restante foi falso-operado (sham). Aos quatro meses, as ratas sofreram indução de periodontite, através da inserção de fio de algodão ao redor dos segundos molares superiores. A partir de então, os grupos foram subdivididos em: tratado, que recebeu via oral 2 mg/kg/dia de alendronato, e controle, que recebeu o mesmo volume de água filtrada, diariamente. Após cinco semanas de tratamento, os animais foram sacrificados, e as maxilas esquerdas radiografadas. Após as medidas radiográficas das distâncias entre o ápice da raiz e a ponta da cúspide; entre o ápice da raiz e o fundo do defeito e do ângulo entre esses dois segmentos, foi calculada a porcentagem de suporte ósseo da raiz distal do segundo molar. As medidas foram tomadas três vezes e as médias, submetidas à ANOVA, (p< 5%). Não houve diferença significante entre os valores de suporte ósseo dos grupos, porém os animais que receberam alendronato tiveram valores numericamente maiores que aqueles que receberam placebo. Não houve diferença entre os animais ovariectomizados ou não. Concluiu-se que o alendronato não inibiu significantemente a perda óssea alveolar induzida nos animais, com presença ou ausência de hormônios ovarianos.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Alendronate , Osteoporosis , Periodontitis , Alveolar Bone Loss , Analysis of Variance , Hormones , Maxilla , Ovary , Receptors, Cell Surface
13.
Rev. ABO nac ; 14(6): 373-379, dez. 2006-jan. 2007.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-544426

ABSTRACT

Os bifosfonatos são medicamentos atualmente empregados para o tratamento de várias doenças caracterizadas pelo aumento da reabsorção óssea, como doença de Paget do osso, osteoporose, mieloma múltiplo, metástases ósseas e hipercalcemia associada a neoplasias. Estes medicamentos possuem basicamente dois mecanismos de ação: inibição da calcificação e da reabsorção óssea, eventos bastante úteis nos tratamentos em várias especialidades odontológicas. Numerosas pesquisas têm sido realizadas para avaliação dos bifosfonatos na Odontologia, com bons resultados. A utilização dos bifosfonatos é promissora para a prevenção da reabsorção óssea, como adjunto à terapia periodontal; para a inibição da reabsorção radicular, durante o tratamento endodôntico, especialmente de dentes traumatizados; para manutenção da posição do dente de ancoragem e para diminuição de recidivas após movimentação dentária e óssea, durante o tratamento ortodôntico; e para manutenção da altura do rebordo, após exodontias. Os bifosfonatos devem ser evitados por mulheres grávidas e por crianças, podendo causar, entre outros efeitos, anomalias de desenvolvimento dentário. Recentes relatos associam o uso destes medicamentos a necrose óssea em maxila e mandíbula. Pesquisas ainda são necessárias para a utilização irrestrita destes medicamentos na clínica, devido aos últimos relatos de efeitos adversos e também porque grande parte do conhecimento dos seus efeitos nos componentes do sistema estomatognático provém de estudos em animais e in vitro.


Biphosphonates are drugs currently used in the treatment of many diseases that involve increased bone resorption such as Paget´s disease, osteoporosis, multiple myeloma, metastatic bone disease and hypercalcemia of malignancy. These drugs have two fundamental biological effects: they inhibit calcification and bone resorption, events that can be useful in dental clinics. Many research have been made to evaluate the use of bisphosphonates in dentistry, with good results. Bisphosphonates are promising drugs for: preventing bony resorption, as an adjunct to conventional periodontal treatment; inhibiting root resorption during endodontic treatment, specially after dental trauma; enhancing anchorage; decreasing skeletal and dental relapse during orthodontic treatment; and for maintaining the residual ridge after exodontics. Bisphosphonates must be avoided by pregnant women and by children because they can cause dental anomalies. There are recent reports in the literature of a possible association between biphosphonate use and necrosis of the jaws. Most knowledge about the bisphosphonates effects in the stomatognatic system comes from animal and in vitro studies. Therefore, more research is needed before these medicaments can be freely used in dental clinics.


Subject(s)
Bone Resorption , Diphosphonates
14.
Braz. oral res ; 21(3): 247-252, 2007. tab, graf, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-458598

ABSTRACT

Bisphosphonates are currently used in the treatment of many diseases involving increased bone resorption such as osteoporosis. Statins have been widely used for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia and recent studies have shown that these drugs are also capable of stimulating bone formation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of an estrogen deficient state and the effects of simvastatin and sodium alendronate therapies on alveolar bone in female rats. Fifty-four rats were either ovariectomized (OVX) or sham operated. A month later, the animals began to receive a daily dose of simvastatin (SIN - 25 mg/kg), sodium alendronate (ALN - 2 mg/kg) or water (control) orally. Thirty-five days after the beginning of the treatment, the rats were sacrificed and their left hemimandibles were removed and radiographed using digital X-ray equipment. The alveolar radiographic density under the first molar was determined with gray-level scaling and the values were submitted to analysis of variance (a = 5 percent). Ovariectomized rats gained more weight (mean ± standard deviation: 20.06 ± 6.68 percent) than did the sham operated animals (12.13 ± 5.63 percent). Alveolar radiographic density values, expressed as gray levels, were lowest in the OVX-water group (183.49 ± 6.47), and differed significantly from those observed for the groups receiving alendronate (sham-ALN: 193.85 ± 3.81; OVX-ALN: 196.06 ± 5.11) and from those of the sham-water group (193.66 ± 4.36). Other comparisons between groups did not show significant differences. It was concluded that the ovariectomy reduced alveolar bone density and that alendronate was efficient for the treatment of this condition.


Os bisfosfonatos são empregados atualmente para o tratamento de várias doenças caracterizadas pelo aumento da reabsorção óssea, como a osteoporose. As estatinas são amplamente utilizadas para redução de níveis elevados de colesterol e estudos recentes têm revelado sua ação anabólica no osso. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência da deficiência estrogênica e dos tratamentos com sinvastatina ou alendronato sódico no osso alveolar em ratas. Cinqüenta e quatro ratas sofreram ovariectomia (OVX) ou cirurgia simulada ("sham"). Um mês após, os animais passaram a receber diariamente, via oral, 25 mg/kg de sinvastatina (SIN), 2 mg/kg de alendronato (ALN) ou água (controle). Trinta e cinco dias depois do início do tratamento os animais foram sacrificados, as hemimandíbulas esquerdas removidas e radiografadas em aparelho de raios X digital. Foi calculada a densidade radiográfica em tons de cinza da área de osso alveolar sob o primeiro molar mandibular e os valores foram submetidos a ANOVA, ao nível de 5 por cento. Ratas ovariectomizadas ganharam mais peso (média ± desvio-padrão: 20,06 ± 6,68 por cento) que as demais (12,13 ± 5,63 por cento). Os valores de densidade radiográfica, em tons de cinza, foram menores nos animais do grupo OVX-água (183,49 ± 6,47), significantemente diferentes daqueles observados nos grupos que receberam alendronato ("sham"-ALN: 193,85 ± 3,81; OVX-ALN: 196,06 ± 5,11) e no grupo "sham"-água (193,66 ± 4,36). Outras comparações entre grupos não revelaram diferenças estatísticas. Concluiu-se que a ovariectomia reduziu a densidade óssea alveolar e que o tratamento com alendronato sódico foi eficiente para o tratamento desta situação.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Rats , Alveolar Bone Loss/drug therapy , Hypolipidemic Agents/therapeutic use , Bone Density Conservation Agents/therapeutic use , Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Ovariectomy , Osteoporosis/drug therapy , Analysis of Variance , Alendronate/therapeutic use , Alveolar Process/drug effects , Hypolipidemic Agents/administration & dosage , Bone Density , Disease Models, Animal , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical , Estrogens/deficiency , Hypercholesterolemia/drug therapy , Mandible/drug effects , Random Allocation , Rats, Wistar , Simvastatin/therapeutic use
15.
Rev. bras. odontol ; 64(3/4): 185-190, 2007. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-541877

ABSTRACT

Objetivou-se, utilizando-se questionários, avaliar o nível de dependência e a motivação para parar de fumar de funcionários, alunos e propfessores do Departamento de Odontologia da Unitau, além de verificar o conceito dos fumantes sobre o papel do cirurgião-dentista (CD) na cessação do vício. Participaram 131 alunos (23,66% fumantes), 65 professores (6,15% fumantes), 32 funcionários (34,37% fumantes). A maioria concordou que é função do CD esclarecer o paciente dos riscos do fumo, no entanto, os alunos foram os mais cientes da importância de se conduzir o processo de cessação do vício e também apresentaram menor dependência e maior motivação para abandonar o cigarro.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Administrative Personnel , Smoking Cessation/psychology , Faculty, Dental , Schools, Dental , Students, Dental , Tobacco Use Disorder , Surveys and Questionnaires
16.
Rev. odontol. UNESP ; 35(4): 327-333, out.-dez. 2006. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-858473

ABSTRACT

Sendo o câncer bucal problema de saúde pública, é importante que a população saiba sobre os fatores de risco e como preveni-lo. Objetivou-se avaliar o conhecimento dos participantes da Campanha de Prevenção e Diagnóstico Precoce do Câncer Bucal, em Taubaté - SP, Brasil,nos anos de 2001, 2003 e 2005, por meio de questionários abordando causas, características e modos de prevenção. Os dados foram comparados pela técnica do intervalo de confiança e pelo teste do qui-quadrado (5 porcento), com correção de Bonferroni. No total, foram distribuídos e respondidos 899 questionários. A porcentagem de pessoas que relataram saber as causas da doença variou de 32,68 a 40,52 porcento. Apenas 39,10 porcento dos respondentes de 2005 procurariam o dentista em caso de suspeita de câncer bucal, diferindo estatisticamente do encontrado nos demais anos (59,70 e 68,04porcento). Em 2001, somente 16,52 porcento dos entrevistados referiram saber o que é auto-exame bucal, estatisticamente diferente do ocorrido em 2003 (31,97 porcento) e sem diferença em relação a 2005 (22 porcento). A presença de ferida foi a situação mais associada ao câncer. No período, não houve, em geral, melhoria no conhecimento da população sobre o assunto. Apesar dos esforços da odontologia para a conscientização da população sobre câncer bucal, ainda há muito o que ser feito


Oral cancer is a public health problem; therefore, it is important that the population be informed of the risk factors and how to prevent it. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the knowledge of the participants of the Oral Cancer Prevention and Screening Program, in Taubaté - SP, Brazil, in 2001, 2003 and 2005 through a questionnaire addressing the cancer causes, characteristics and means of prevention. The data were compared by the confidence interval technique and by the chi-square test (5%) with Bonferroni correction. In total, 899 questionnaires were distributed and answered. The percentage of people who reported to know the causes of the disease varied between 32.68 and 40.52%. Only 39.10% of the 2005 interviewees would visit a dentist in case of oral cancer suspicion, which differed statistically from the other years (59.70 and 68.04%). In 2001, only 16.52% of the interviewees knew what the mouth self examination was, statistically different from 2003 (31.97%) and not different from the results of 2005 (22%). The presence of a wound was the situation most associated to cancer. During this period, there was not, in general, an improvement of the population knowledge of the subject. In spite of the efforts of the dentistry to make the population conscious of the oral cancer, there is still a lot to be done


Subject(s)
Chi-Square Distribution , Surveys and Questionnaires , Health Promotion , Early Diagnosis , Risk Factors , Mouth Neoplasms/prevention & control , Public Health
17.
Rev. odontol. UNESP ; 35(4): 239-246, out.-dez. 2006.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-858461

ABSTRACT

As estatinas são medicamentos muito utilizados nas duas últimas décadas para a redução de níveis elevados de colesterol plasmático. São inibidores competitivos da3-hidróxi-3-metilglutaril coenzima A (HMG-CoA) redutase, enzima que catalisa a conversão do HMG-CoA a mevalonato, um intermediário importante no metabolismo do colesterol. Como o metabolismo do mevalonato dá origem a uma série de compostos isoprenóides vitais para diversas funções celulares, a ação das estatinas pode levar a outros efeitos benéficos, além da redução da hipercolesterolemia, como redução da inflamação, inibição da proliferação celular com propriedades anticarcinogênicas, estabilização de placas ateroscleróticas e ação no tecido ósseo. Desde 1999, vários estudos foram realizados relatando a ação das estatinas na formação óssea pela estimulação da expressão da proteína morfogenética óssea-2. Visto isso, passou-se a acreditar que as estatinas, se seletivamente direcionadas ao osso, poderiam apresentar efeitos benéficos no tratamento da osteoporose e de fraturas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi revisar a literatura pertinente à ação das estatinas no osso, uma vez que a estimulação da formação óssea é um evento bastante desejado em várias especialidades odontológicas. Não existe ainda um consenso na literatura, tendo numerosos trabalhos demonstrado a ação desses medicamentos na melhoria da qualidade óssea e na redução do risco de fraturas, enquanto outros negaram sua ação no esqueleto. Somente novas pesquisas prospectivas poderão esclarecer a polêmica atual sobre a ação dos inibidores da HMG-CoA redutase no tecido ósseo


Statins are drugs which have been widely used for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia for the last two decades. They inhibit 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate, an early step in cholesterol biosynthesis. Because mevalonate pathway yields a series of isoprenoids that are vital for diverse cellular functions, statins can lead to some great events other than cholesterol reduction, such as reduction of inflammation, inhibition of cell proliferation with anticarcinogenic action, stabilization of atherosclerotic plaques and action on bone metabolism. Since 1999, many studies have been conducted suggesting that statins can stimulate bone formation by increasing the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2. Thus, some researchers began to believe that if statins are selectively targeted to bone, they could have great potential for the treatment of osteoporosis and fractures. The aim of this study was to review the literature that associates statins and bone, since bone stimulation is an event desired in many dental specialties. There is no consensus until now, many studies concluded that statins do improve bone quality and reduce fracture risk, while others refute statins skeletal benefits. Just new prospective studies can clarify the current controversy over the bone action of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors


Subject(s)
Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors , Bone and Bones , Osteoporosis , Bone Regeneration
18.
Rev. odontol. Univ. Cid. Sao Paulo ; 18(1): 7-13, jan.-abr. 2006. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-556760

ABSTRACT

Introdução: Dada a semelhança do reparo ósseo em tíbia com o reparo mandibular e a relativa simplicidade do modelo experimental no qual se realizam defeitos ósseos em tíbias de ratos, este trabalho foi proposto com o objetivo de determinar o tamanho de defeito exeqüível na tíbia para adequada utilização em estudos de regeneração óssea, padronizando assim o modelo. Métodos: Defeitos monocorticais de 2, 3 ou 3,5mm de diâmetro foram confeccionados nas tíbias de 54 ratos adultos. Após o sacrifício, que ocorreu depois de períodos de observação de 15, 30 ou 45 dias, as tíbias foram fixadas, descalcificadas e preparadas como de rotina. A porcentagem de área óssea no centro do defeito foi avaliada através de planimetria por contagem de pontos e, para avaliação estatística, utilizou-se ANOVA (α=5%). Resultados: Verificou-se fechamento linear do defeito ósseo em todos os grupos. Comparando-se os tamanhos de defeitos em cada período, não foi encontrada diferença estatística com relação à porcentagem de área óssea. Conclusão: Como não houve fechamento da área total, pode-se utilizar, com ressalvas, o modelo experimental de defeito em tíbias de ratos para estudo de regeneração óssea. Dadas as semelhanças com relação ao reparo dos defeitos, a escolha do melhor tamanho relaciona-se a questões de ordem prática, sendo o tamanho intermediário e os menores períodos o modelo recomendado.


Introduction: Due to the similarity of the bone tissue healing process in tibia with mandibular repair and the relative simplicity of the experimental model where bone tissue defects in rat tibiae are made, the aim of the present study was to determine the feasible tibia defect size for an adequate application in bone tissue healing process studies, standardizing thus this model. Methods: Monocortical defects of 2, 3 ou 3.5 mm of diameter were made in fifty-four adult rats tibiae. Following the rats sacrifice, which occurred after 15, 30 or 45 days of observation, the tibiae were fixed, decalcified and prepared according to the laboratorial processing routine. The bone area percentage at the center of the defect was evaluated through the point counting planimetry, and the ANOVA statistical test (α=5%) was used. Results: The bone defect linear closure was verified in all the groups. No statistical significant difference regarding the bone area percentage values was found comparing the defects sizes in each period. Conclusion: Since the total area closure was not observed, the rat tibia defect experimental model for the bone tissue healing process study may be applied in further studies with reservation. Because of the similarities regarding the defects healing process, the choice of the best size is related to practical questions, being the intermediate size and the shorter periods the recommended model.


Subject(s)
Rats , Histology , Bone Regeneration , Tibia , Decalcification Technique
19.
Braz. dent. j ; 17(3): 201-207, 2006. ilus, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-442367

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of ovariectomy-induced estrogen deficiency as a risk factor of periodontal disease in rats. Forty 90-day old female rats were either ovariectomized (OVX; n=20) or sham operated (SHAM; n=20). After 30 days, periodontitis was induced by placement of a cotton ligature around the upper second molars of 10 OVX and 10 SHAM animals. All animals were sacrificed 5 weeks later. Body weight was assessed before all surgical procedures. The left hemimaxillas were removed and the percentage of periodontal bone support was determined radiographically and buccal alveolar bone loss was determined macroscopically using an image-analysis software. Furcation involvement was also evaluated. Data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA at 5 percent significance level. Within the evaluated period, the ovariectomized rats gained more weight than the sham-operated animals (p<0.001). The animals in which periodontitis was induced had less bone support, greater alveolar bone loss and furcation involvement than those without ligature (p<0.001). However, there was no difference between ovariectomized and sham-operated animals (p>0.05). Based on the findings of this study, estrogen deficiency could not be considered as a risk factor for periodontal disease.


O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência da ausência de hormônios ovarianos induzida por ovariectomia como fator de risco para a doença periodontal em ratas. Quarenta ratas com idade de 90 dias foram submetidas a ovariectomia (OVX; n=20) ou cirurgia simulada (sham) (SHAM; n=20). Após 30 dias, ligaduras de algodão foram colocadas ao redor dos segundos molares superiores de 10 animais OVX e 10 animais SHAM. Cinco semanas após, todos os animais foram sacrificados. As ratas foram pesadas antes de todos os procedimentos cirúrgicos. As hemimaxilas esquerdas foram removidas e determinaram-se a porcentagem de suporte ósseo, através de radiografias, e a área de perda óssea alveolar, macroscopicamente, após maceração, com auxílio de programa computacional, além do grau de envolvimento de furca. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística por meio de ANOVA com nível de significância de 5 por cento. No período avaliado, as ratas ovariectomizadas apresentaram maior ganho de peso que aquelas submetidas à cirurgia simulada (sham) (p<0.001). As ratas em que foi induzida periodontite apresentaram suporte ósseo estatisticamente menor e maior perda óssea alveolar e envolvimento de furca que as demais (p<0.001). Porém, não foram encontradas diferenças significantes entre os animais ovariectomizados e não-ovariectomizados (p>0.05). Com bases nos achados deste estudo, a deficiência de hormônios ovarianos não pôde ser considerada como fator de risco para a doença periodontal.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Rats , Estrogens/deficiency , Ovariectomy , Periodontitis/etiology , Alveolar Bone Loss/etiology , Alveolar Bone Loss , Alveolar Process , Body Weight , Disease Models, Animal , Furcation Defects/etiology , Furcation Defects , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods , Maxilla , Random Allocation , Rats, Wistar , Risk Factors , Tooth Cervix , Weight Gain
20.
Braz. dent. j ; 17(4): 267-273, 2006. graf, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-442392

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of simvastatin, by oral or subcutaneous administration, on tibial defects regeneration and blood cholesterol level in rats. A surgical defect was made on the right tibia of 40 male animals assigned to 4 groups (n=10), based on two routes of administration and on the use or not of simvastatin: subcutaneous injection of simvastatin (7 mg/kg) (group AT) or only the vehicle of drug suspension (group AC), above the defect area, for 5 days; and 20 mg/kg of simvastatin macerated on water (group BT) or only water (group BC), orally, daily, during the whole observation period. The animals were sacrificed after 15 or 30 days, when blood samples were analyzed to check plasma cholesterol levels. Tibiae were removed and, after decalcification and routine laboratorial processing, histological and histomorphometrical analyses were carried out. ANOVA was used for statistical analysis at 5 percent signficance level. The histological and histomorphometrical analyses showed significant differences only between the experimental periods (p<0.05). Animals sacrificed after 30 days showed better bone repair (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) for blood cholesterol levels between the groups. In conclusion, simvastatin administration either orally or subcutaneously did not improve bone repair of experimental tibial defects and did not alter blood cholesterol levels in rats.


Este estudo avaliou a influência da sinvastatina, administrada por via oral ou subcutânea, na reparação de defeitos ósseos em tíbia e nos níveis de colesterol sangüíneo, em ratos. Foram realizados defeitos cirúrgicos nas tíbias direitas de 40 ratos machos, distribuídos em 4 grupos (n=10), tomando-se como base duas vias de administração e o uso ou não de sinvastatina: injeção subcutânea de sinvastatina (7 mg/kg) (grupo AT) ou apenas do veículo de suspensão da droga (grupo AC), sobre a região do defeito, durante 5 dias; 20 mg/kg de sinvastatina (grupo BT) ou água filtrada (grupo BC) via oral, diariamente, durante todo o período de observação. Os animais foram sacrificados após 15 ou 30 dias, quando amostras sangüíneas foram colhidas para análise do nível de colesterol. As tíbias foram removidas e, após descalcificação e procedimentos laboratoriais de rotina, procedeu-se à análise histológica e histomorfométrica. Para avaliação estatística utilizou-se ANOVA com nível de significância de 5 por cento. As análises histomorfométrica e histológica mostraram diferença entre os grupos apenas com relação ao período experimental (p<0,05), apresentando os melhores resultados os animais sacrificados em 30 dias (p<0,05). Quanto ao nível de colesterol sangüíneo, não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos analisados (p>0,05). Concluiu-se que, nas condições utilizadas, a sinvastatina, administrada via oral ou subcutânea, não exerceu efeito estimulador sobre o reparo ósseo de defeitos experimentais em tíbias de ratos e não alterou os níveis de colesterol sangüíneo.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Anticholesteremic Agents/therapeutic use , Bone Diseases/drug therapy , Bone Regeneration/drug effects , Cholesterol/blood , Simvastatin/therapeutic use , Tibia/drug effects , Administration, Oral , Anticholesteremic Agents/administration & dosage , Bone Diseases/pathology , Bone Remodeling/drug effects , Chromogenic Compounds , Injections, Subcutaneous , Osteoblasts/drug effects , Osteoblasts/pathology , Osteocytes/drug effects , Osteocytes/pathology , Osteogenesis/drug effects , Periosteum/drug effects , Periosteum/pathology , Rats, Wistar , Simvastatin/administration & dosage , Time Factors , Tibia/pathology
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